AP Physics 2 · 9 Thermodynamics
Heat engines and the second law for AP Physics 2
Heat engines and the second law is mapped to 9 Thermodynamics in the AP Physics 2 pathway. Use this public guide to see exactly where the concept fits, what to master, and which GioPhysics resource continues the study sequence.
Where this fits
9 Thermodynamics
- Curriculum
- AP Physics 2
- Theme or group
- AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based
- Current framework
- 2026–27 course year · May 2027 exam format
Thermal concepts, kinetic theory, and gas laws are in Chapter 40; the first law, PV processes, heat engines, and entropy are in Chapter 41.
Mastery checklist
Know what success looks like.
- 01
Define the system and distinguish temperature, internal energy, and transferred energy.
- 02
Connect the macroscopic process to a particle or molecular explanation.
- 03
Use an energy balance with consistent signs, units, and process assumptions.
Exam lens
Build, apply, check.
9 Thermodynamics is identified as 15–18% in this curriculum map. Build the concept first, then practise selecting a model, showing working, and checking the final result.
Teaching sequence
9 Thermodynamics
This syllabus point maps to 8 ordered concept guides.
- 01Temperature and internal energy
- 02Kinetic theory and the particle model
- 03Ideal gases and gas laws
- 04Specific heat and latent heat
- 05Conduction, convection, and radiation
- 06The first law and gas processes
- 07Heat engines and the second lawCurrent guide
- 08Entropy