For a rope, a stretched spring and a ripple tank, describe how to produce a progressive wave and how a marked part of the medium moves compared with the wave. For the spring specify both longitudinal and transverse excitation. Include one measurement/control and one safety precaution for the demonstrations.

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Rope end up/down gives transverse travel; spring push/pull gives longitudinal compression travel and side-to-side gives transverse travel; vibrating dipper gives surface waves with local water motion. Fix tension/depth, measure multiple periods or wavelengths, avoid snapback and keep electrics dry. Describe rope excitation and perpendicular marker movement. Describe axial spring excitation and parallel coil motion; contrast sideways excitation. Describe vibrating dipper/ripple observation and local water motion. Distinguish energy/pattern transfer from net transport of marked material. Give a specified controlled variable and repeatable measurement. Give a relevant practical precaution.

Explain three mechanical-wave demonstrations

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