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MYP Physics · 04 · data analysis

Impulse from a force sensor

Momentum · Original GioPhysics question with a detailed, mark-by-mark answer guide.

Demand
demanding
Marks
8
Topics
2
Answer
Complete
data analysis8 marks

A 0.20 kg ball approaches a bat at 10 m s⁻¹. Take the ball's initial direction as negative. A force sensor records the force on the ball; straight lines may be drawn between the data points.

Force during contact
Time / sForce / N
0.000
0.0250
0.04100
0.0650
0.080
  1. a

    Determine Determine the impulse delivered to the ball from the area under the force–time graph.

    3 marks
  2. b

    Calculate Calculate the ball's velocity immediately after contact.

    3 marks
  3. c

    Explain Explain why using only the maximum force of 100 N would not determine the impulse.

    2 marks
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Answer overviewKey answer: Recognises impulse as the area under the force–time graph. Finds the total area, for example as four trapezia or one overall triangle: ½ × 0.08 × 100. Obtains impulse = +4.0 N s.
01

a

3 marks

Determine Determine the impulse delivered to the ball from the area under the force–time graph.

How to approach it

Read the data before explaining it. Quote the relevant values or trend, show the comparison or calculation, and then connect that numerical evidence to the physical conclusion—including uncertainty or anomalies when they matter.

  1. 1

    Recognises impulse as the area under the force–time graph.

  2. 2

    Finds the total area, for example as four trapezia or one overall triangle: ½ × 0.08 × 100.

  3. 3

    Obtains impulse = +4.0 N s.

02

b

3 marks

Calculate Calculate the ball's velocity immediately after contact.

How to approach it

Read the data before explaining it. Quote the relevant values or trend, show the comparison or calculation, and then connect that numerical evidence to the physical conclusion—including uncertainty or anomalies when they matter.

  1. 1

    Calculates initial momentum = 0.20 × (−10) = −2.0 kg m s⁻¹.

  2. 2

    Uses final momentum = initial momentum + impulse = −2.0 + 4.0 = +2.0 kg m s⁻¹.

  3. 3

    Calculates final velocity = +2.0 ÷ 0.20 = +10 m s⁻¹.

03

c

2 marks

Explain Explain why using only the maximum force of 100 N would not determine the impulse.

How to approach it

Read the data before explaining it. Quote the relevant values or trend, show the comparison or calculation, and then connect that numerical evidence to the physical conclusion—including uncertainty or anomalies when they matter.

  1. 1

    Impulse depends on both force and the duration over which it acts.

  2. 2

    The force varies throughout contact, so the complete area rather than the peak value is required.

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