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Solid Deformation · free game

Bridge Load Tester

Find the thinnest cable that carries the convoy without breaking and without letting the deck reach the limit line.

SPAN01/04
σ = F/A131MPa
x = σL₀/E3.7mm
SCORE0
limit 30 mmSTRESS σ · MPa131limit 250STRETCH x · mm3.7limit 30
LOAD on the worst hanger
41.2 kN
AREA A = πd²/4
314.2 mm²
Mild steel
E 210 GPa · σᵧ 250 MPa · L₀ 6 m

Steel, six-metre hangers, thirty millimetres of room. Nothing but strength can stop you here: σ = F/A has to stay under σᵧ.

Span 01 ready. This cable would peak at 225 of 250 MPa and 6.4 of 30 mm. Drag the lorry to feel it, then run the convoy.

How the physics works
Simple definition
A cable stretches in proportion to the stress in it: stress is the load divided by the cross-sectional area, and strain is that stress divided by the Young modulus.
Example
Doubling the diameter quadruples the area, so the same lorry produces one quarter of the stress and one quarter of the stretch.
F = W(deck)/2 + W(lorry)

One lorry is ever on the deck at a time, and the hanger it is standing next to carries all of its weight plus half the deck. That is the peak force in the run, and it never depends on the cable you chose.

σ = F/A, A = πd²/4

Area is what carries load, and it grows as the square of the diameter. Since 1 N/mm² is exactly 1 MPa, newtons over square millimetres give megapascals straight off.

x = σL₀/E = FL₀/(EA)

Young modulus turns stress into strain, and strain is a fraction of the original length. A 14 m hanger stretches more than twice as far as a 6 m one at the same stress — which is why span 02 is a stiffness problem.

The smallest legal cable

Strength wants A ≥ F/σlimit; stiffness wants A ≥ FL₀/(E·clearance). The wider of the two wins, and on this span it is strength. Score is how close you got to it.

Honest limits: g = 9.81 m s⁻², textbook material data rather than a batch certificate, both hangers treated as identical, and the vertical stretch drawn to an exaggerated scale so millimetres are visible. Yield is treated as failure because a permanently stretched deck is a condemned deck. Cable self-weight, temperature and joint detail are outside the model.

Game 08 · Solid Deformation learning guide

Turn the playthrough into a physics lesson.

Learning objectiveSelect the thinnest safe cable for a loaded bridge while satisfying both stress and extension limits.

01

What you will learn

  • Stress is force divided by cross-sectional area.
  • Elastic extension depends on force, length, area, and Young modulus.
  • A design must meet strength and deformation constraints.

02

How to play

  1. Read the span’s load, material, stress limit, and clearance limit.
  2. Set the cable diameter and inspect the predicted stress and stretch.
  3. Send the convoy, then refine the diameter to earn a more efficient result.

03

Quick classroom check

Why does doubling a circular cable’s diameter reduce its stress by more than a factor of two?

Suitable forSecondary and upper-secondary physics · stress, strain, and elasticity

Continue this topic

Move from play to explanation and exam-style practice.

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