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MYP Physics · 12 · extended response

Imaging a possible wrist fracture

Electromagnetic spectrum · Original GioPhysics question with a detailed, mark-by-mark answer guide.

Demand
discriminating
Marks
7
Topics
1
Answer
Complete
extended response7 marks

A clinic is deciding whether an X-ray image is justified for a patient with a painful wrist after a fall. The examination suggests a fracture, but the patient has already had several medical images this year.

  1. a

    Explain Explain why X-rays can reveal a bone fracture more clearly than surrounding soft tissue.

    2 marks
  2. b

    Distinguish Distinguish the hazard of X-rays from the risk in this particular decision.

    2 marks
  3. c

    Evaluate Evaluate whether the image should be taken, using both benefit and exposure evidence.

    3 marks
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Answer overviewKey answer: States that bone absorbs or attenuates more X-rays than most surrounding soft tissue. Links the different transmitted intensities to contrast in the detector image. Identifies ionising radiation and possible biological damage as the hazard.
01

a

2 marks

Explain Explain why X-rays can reveal a bone fracture more clearly than surrounding soft tissue.

How to approach it

Build a chain of claim, evidence and physics reasoning. Address more than one relevant factor, identify a limitation or assumption, and finish with a conclusion that is conditional on the evidence rather than absolute.

  1. 1

    States that bone absorbs or attenuates more X-rays than most surrounding soft tissue.

  2. 2

    Links the different transmitted intensities to contrast in the detector image.

02

b

2 marks

Distinguish Distinguish the hazard of X-rays from the risk in this particular decision.

How to approach it

Build a chain of claim, evidence and physics reasoning. Address more than one relevant factor, identify a limitation or assumption, and finish with a conclusion that is conditional on the evidence rather than absolute.

  1. 1

    Identifies ionising radiation and possible biological damage as the hazard.

  2. 2

    Explains that risk depends on dose, frequency of exposure, shielding, body region, and the probability or consequence of harm.

03

c

3 marks

Evaluate Evaluate whether the image should be taken, using both benefit and exposure evidence.

How to approach it

Build a chain of claim, evidence and physics reasoning. Address more than one relevant factor, identify a limitation or assumption, and finish with a conclusion that is conditional on the evidence rather than absolute.

  1. 1

    Uses the diagnostic benefit, such as confirming location or severity and guiding treatment.

  2. 2

    Uses an exposure consideration, including previous imaging while recognising that each justified image should use the lowest suitable dose.

  3. 3

    Gives a balanced conditional conclusion and recognises that a qualified clinician makes the final decision with the patient.

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