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University Quantum Mechanics I

University Quantum Mechanics I · Measurement and the Uncertainty Principle · 4.03

Expansion on an eigenbasis and the probability of an eigenvalue

Project with cₙ = integral ψₙ* ψ dx, then P(qₙ) = |cₙ|², sum |cₙ|² = 1, and ⟨Q⟩ = sum qₙ |cₙ|2.

Course-map guide · not a complete lesson or simulation

Scope & orientation

What this subsection covers

Project with cₙ = integral ψₙ* ψ dx, then P(qₙ) = |cₙ|², sum |cₙ|² = 1, and ⟨Q⟩ = sum qₙ |cₙ|2.

A strong response uses phase-space uncertainty ellipses and states where the model stops being reliable.

Reasoning checklist

Evidence, assumptions and limits

01

Assumptions to state

State the system, observable, approximation, and conditions held fixed before using a model.

02

Evidence to collect

For a Gaussian, a triangular state and a half-cosine lobe, does the computed σ-x σ-p sit at ℏ/2 or above it - and what happens to σ-p for a discontinuous top-hat as the grid is refined?

Read the complete note

For a Gaussian, a triangular state and a half-cosine lobe, does the computed σ-x σ-p sit at ℏ/2 or above it - and what happens to σ-p for a discontinuous top-hat as the grid is refined? Useful evidence includes psi on a stated box and spacing, σ-x and σ-p from FFT momentum amplitudes, the product against ℏ/2 with only the Gaussian saturating, a spacing-refinement check showing the first three settle while the top-hat's σ-p grows without bound because ⟨p²⟩ diverges for a discontinuous ψ, and the boundary rows named as where the discrete [x-hat, p-hat] stops equalling i ℏ..

03

Limits to state

This GioPhysics course map is an adaptable learning sequence, not academic credit, accreditation, or a universal university syllabus.

Read the complete note

This GioPhysics course map is an adaptable learning sequence, not academic credit, accreditation, or a universal university syllabus. It is a first dedicated quantum-mechanics course, distinct from University Physics V, which covers quantum mechanics alongside atomic, nuclear and particle physics in twenty units: this course is narrower, slower, and teaches the linear algebra it needs rather than assuming it. Hydrogen appears here as an introduction, with the full radial derivation belonging to a second course. A midterm examination is assumed around week 8. Follow your institution's published scope, notation, laboratory programme, and assessment rules. A result should be checked against units, signs, limiting cases, and the conditions under which its model was derived.

Diagram & examples

Work the claim before choosing an equation

Interactive concept map

Follow the model from claim to evidence.

01 · Physical claimExpansion on an eigenbasis and the probability of an eigenvalue

Project with cₙ = integral ψₙ* ψ dx, then P(qₙ) = |cₙ|², sum |cₙ|² = 1, and ⟨Q⟩ = sum qₙ |cₙ|2. Completeness is assumed rather than proved; a degenerate eigenvalue needs its probabilities summed, and a continuous spectrum gives a density.

02 · RepresentationThe subsection's claim

Model, evidence, and boundary

03 · TestPrediction before measurement

When should a model used for Expansion on an eigenbasis and the probability of an eigenvalue be revised?

04 · Evidence & boundaryDecide, then qualify

For a Gaussian, a triangular state and a half-cosine lobe, does the computed σ-x σ-p sit at ℏ/2 or above it - and what happens to σ-p for a discontinuous top-hat as the grid is refined?

Read the complete note

For a Gaussian, a triangular state and a half-cosine lobe, does the computed σ-x σ-p sit at ℏ/2 or above it - and what happens to σ-p for a discontinuous top-hat as the grid is refined? Useful evidence includes psi on a stated box and spacing, σ-x and σ-p from FFT momentum amplitudes, the product against ℏ/2 with only the Gaussian saturating, a spacing-refinement check showing the first three settle while the top-hat's σ-p grows without bound because ⟨p²⟩ diverges for a discontinuous ψ, and the boundary rows named as where the discrete [x-hat, p-hat] stops equalling i ℏ..

Interactive diagram for Expansion on an eigenbasis and the probability of an eigenvalue: follow the physical claim through its representation, proposed test, evidence, and model boundary.

modelModel, evidence, and boundary turns the stated idea into a representation that can make a prediction.

Example questions

Try the reasoning before revealing the structure.

Diagram check

When should a model used for Expansion on an eigenbasis and the probability of an eigenvalue be revised?

Quick check

Test the reasoning, not recall

When should a model used for Expansion on an eigenbasis and the probability of an eigenvalue be revised?

Choose an answer to test the model.